ISBN-13: 978-0-19-808549-2 ISBN-10: 0-19-808549-4 Typeset in Times by Trinity Designers & Typesetters, Chennai Printed in India by Tara Art Printers (P) Ltd, Noida Third-party website addresses mentioned in this book are provided by Oxford University Press in good faith and for information only. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. First published in 2013 All rights reserved. Published in India by Oxford University Press YMCA Library Building, 1 Jai Singh Road, New Delhi 110001, India © Oxford University Press 2013 The moral rights of the author/s have been asserted. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering The National Institute of Engineering Mysoreģ Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Professor & Head Department of Mechanical Engineering The National Institute of Engineering Mysore This marked the final demise of Sakoku.ENGINEERING METROLOGY AND MEASUREMENTS N.V. This marked the effective end of the non-entry edicts within Sakoku, though it wasn’t until the end of the Bakumatsu (Japanese Revolution // 1853-1867) when the Meiji Restoration returned power to the Emperor that the ban on Japanese travel out of the country was lifted. Instituted in 1633 initially, Sakoku stayed in effect until 1853 when Commodore Perry arrived in Edo (what is now Tokyo) harbor with his so-called ‘Black Ships’, a squadron of four battleships ( Mississippi, Plymouth, Saratoga, Susquehanna) from the United States. Allowances were made for the sake of trade, though usually only with the direct involvement of the Bakufu (the shogun’s house and, by extension, government.) However, individuals were not allowed to enter or leave Japan for any other reason or under any other circumstance. Under the terms of this policy, no foreigner could enter Japan and no Japanese could leave under penalty of death. Sakoku was a foreign relations policy in Japan enacted by Tokugawa Iemitsu, the third of the Tokugawa shoguns.
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